Continuity Editing is a sequence of shots where the audience sees continuous action. This allows the cinematographer to show progression, such as simple in a character running around the city.It gives the audience a clear meaning of whats happening.
Movement Match
Movement Match is when the action of the character is filmed in one shot and followed in the next.If the shots are not matched right after each other, the sequence will be jerky and very apparent. One other example of movement match would be if the camera were to move in the same direction as the shot.
Direction Match
Direction Match, or also known as maintaining screen direction, is when a character or an object is moving in one direction and we are able to see them clearly move from shot to shot with keeping the same direction. If the shots are not matched it will look as if the character is going in the wrong direction.
Eyeline Match
When characters are looking at someone in separate shots. The direction in which the characters are looking must be constant . For example. two characters are having a conversation, the person on the right must look at the character to the left and the character on the right must be looking left, this must remain until the characters move positions.
Shot/Reverse Shot
Shot Reverse Shot is most typically used in conversation between to characters usually using a over the shoulder the shot. While doing the shot/reverse shot you must make sure to follow the 180 degree rule.
180/Degree Rule
The 180 degree line is a pretend line between characters that allow the correct amount of space and placement of the actor.The camera has to only be on one side of the line to maintain screen direction.
Axis Match
Axis Match is when the angle in which the camera is shooting stays the same.If the angle changes it will appear as if the whole background as changed as well.An example of this might include first seeing a character in a long shot, and then a medium shot, as long as it's along the z-axis.
Position Match
When the placement of a certain object or person does not change. In addition this person or object takes up the same area of the shot throughout the sequence.
Graphic Match
A change in shots, where the two images are graphically similar like a turning wheel and a cut to a spinning umbrella. Visual Effects can also be used with graphic match by contrasting graphics from one shot to the next.
Rhythmic Match
Rhythmic match is placing two shots side by side that are moving at similar rates or speeds. Example of this would be a wheel turning as fast as a umbrella turning. They must be going at the same rate.
Jump Cuts
Jump Cut is a sequence of mismatched shots and are void from continuity rules. The background is often constant while the character is moving or the background is constantly changing while the character remains in the same position. This allows the audience to be a bit confused and some directors use jump cuts to focus in the medium.
Point of View
Point of View Shot allows the audience to see through the characters eyes. The viewer is able to see it as if they where the character, it can really connect the audience with the character.The Point of view shot is usually through the eyes of the protagonist.
Reaction Shot
A reaction shot is one that comes after a point of view shot, that uncovers the reaction of a character from who we were looking through.
Parallel Action
Parallel action is when two sequences of shots are happening at the same time.This first line of action is usually different from the second line of action. Parallel action is often used when we see someone is danger, while we see the another person coming to the rescue.
Contrast Cuts
Contrast Cuts are when we go back and forth from two shots that are contrasting, this allows the actions to support the idea of the other.Overall two opposite images are contrasted.
Associative Cuts
An associative Cut is used for symbolic purposes to represent an object that are absent in the film's story, but relates to the first image.
Flashback
A cut in which the audience sees the future or the past that relates to the present plot.The flashback will sometimes use a black and white filter to further establish the flashback.
Shot Duration
It is the length of a shot, depending on how long a shot is, it is able to give off certain messages to the audience For instance,short shots are used for violence and action while long shots can be more calm or something the needs to focus on.
Coverage
Coverage is a sequence that uses several angles,shots, and perspectives to demonstrate dramatic and emotional impact of the film.
Master Shot Sequence
Master Shot is a technique that gives the best coverage. includes shooting an entire scene several times from all different angles, then taking the better shots that demonstrate what is trying to be conveyed are used in the final edit.This is mostly used in a Hollywood style of shooting.Coverage
audience.
Realism
Realism started in primitive films that were basically long shots, where the duration of the shot and action were equal. Realism usually contains a sequence of shots that are long takes or only has one recording time.In addition the editing has not cuts at all or edits.
Classicism
Classicism utilizes Classical Cutting, which allows the audience to focus on an action by highlighting details of other actions. Classic Cutting is used to make film more dramatic as well as emotional rather then physical reasons.Lastly Classicism uses Cutting to continuity which helps events flow.
Formalist
Formalist is used when the director wants to control space and time in order to stimulate emotion, however this emotion does not always relate the the story. Formalist use thematic montage, where shots are put into sequences in relatively subject manner. Abstract Cutting is also used in Formalist, where we the audience sees no recognizable subject.
Classic Cutting
D.W Griffith, first developed Classic Cutting, he used several different shots. He would change from long, median close, and even used spectator's point of view throughout the film. He first used close ups to really demonstrate emotion that the actor is trying to convey. Furthermore Classic Cutting uses master shots to make tighter shots. Establishing shots are also used to show the audience setting and location, so it is easily understood where the scene is. Finally, Classic Cutting uses reestablishing Shots, which is used after a close up, where it goes into a long shot to remind the audience the importance of the relationship between characters.
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